Hypnotism: Its History, Practice and Theory |
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the rapid repetition of experiments, allowing the patient short intervals in
which to relate his experiences and feelings, and thereby enabling the experimenter
to modify his procedure if necessary. This method is said to have greatly increased
the roll of somnambulists. Lcewenfeld also has developed a particular method
of his own. The person to be hypnotized is first of all requested to keep on
counting from z to zoo, slowly and gently. Lcewenfeld then proceeds to verbal
suggestion on the lines of the Nancy school, but, as a rule, precedes this by
a brief fixation of the gaze. He does not straightway suggest the symptoms of
fatigue as evinced by the eyes, but rather attempts to bring about a condition
of rest and tiredness. It is certain that these mental influences play a large part in hypnosigenesis. It is equally sure that they suffice in many cases to produce hypnosis, particularly when the person concerned has already been hypnotized. Many even consider the mental factor as indispensable to hypnosis; they hold the opinion that all the other methods mentioned below only succeed when they are of a kind to call up the picture of hypnosis. Yet the other point of view has many adherents, a fact which may easily be overlooked nowadays. Crocq, the most decided exponent of the view that every case of hypnosis is not necessarily the result of suggestion, supports this contention on the corroborative opinions of many other investigators, among whom may be mentioned Charcot, Richer, Pitres, Boirac, Sanchez Herrero, Marot, Azam, A. Voisin, Beaunis, Bremaud, Lajoie, David, and others. Faris formerly made use of a mental method to obtain hypnosis. After he had
strained the attention of the subject as much as possible he called out suddenly,
"Dormez 1" (" Sleep ! "). Liebeault substantially developed
and completed this process; Bernheim made it more universally known. Here also belongs auto-hypnosis, or self-hypnosis. In this the idea of hypnosis is not aroused by another person (heterohypnosis), but the subject generates the image himself, either voluntarily or involuntarily. Just as the will is otherwise able to produce particular thoughts, so it can allow the idea of hypnosis to become so powerful that finally hypnosis is induced; this is, however, rare. Hypnosis generally takes place in consequence of some incident by means of which the idea of hypnosis |
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