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20 HYPNOTISM.
On the forensic side we have Mesnet, who investigated offences against morality
committed on persons in the hypnotic state, and many others to whom I shall
refer in the section dealing with the legal aspects of hypnotism. How existing
French law affects the practice of hypnotism has been worked out by Halgan in
his graduation thesis, L'Hypnotisme devant la lei; Paris, I901.
Hypnotism found an entrance to many other countries. In Switzerland it gained
numerous adherents, among whom I may mention Bleuler, Ringier, Bonjour, Liengme,
but more particularly Forel, who, as the most determined follower of the Nancy
school, enthusiastically supported the theory of hypnotic and non-hypnotic suggestion.
In Belgium the eminent psychologist Delbceuf, of Liege, smoothed the way for
it. Several lawyers, like Bonjean and Mallar, interested themselves in the new
science, especially in its forensic aspects; and among physicians may be mentioned
Moreau, Velsen, Maes, Crocq, and Spehl. Perhaps greater progress was made in
Holland, where Stephan's objective treatment of the question threw light upon
a subject which might have been obscured by Cattie's opposition. Numerous physicians
made use of hypnotism in Holland for curative purposes. Among the Dutch pioneers
of hypnotismwe must reckon Renterghem and Eeden, of Amsterdam, and de Jong,
of The Hague. Of the numerous Dutch physicians who made practical use of hypnotism,
I may mention Reeling Brouwer, of The Hague; Breuking, of Scheveningen; Hekma,
of Groningen; and Stigter, of Leyden. Other advocates of hypnotism to be named
are Deventer and Jelgersma. At the second Congress of Hypnotists, held in 1900,
Renterghem published a list of Dutch physicians who practise hypnotism for curative
purposes, from which I have extracted some of the details given above. In Denmark,
Sweden, and Norway we find also a series of inquirers—Johannessen, Sell,
Frankel, Carlsen, Schleisner, Reiersen, Velander, Geijerstam, and most particularly
Wetterstrand, of Stockholm, who uses hypnotism therapeutically to a very great
extent; also Lehmann, of Copenhagen, an earnest advocate of the psychology of
hypnotism; also in Russia, where Stembo, Michailow, Tokarski, Bechterew, Rossolimo,
Meyer, Rybakoff, Orlitzky, Brodowski, Repman, Matveef, and Wiazemsky of Saratoff,
are to be mentioned, although the Government have put many difficulties in the
way of studying hypnotism. In Greece and Spain, where
HISTORY OF HYPNOTISM. 2I
Pulido used suggestion therapeutically many years before Bernheim, hypnotism
has gained in importance. E. Bertrin Rubio, of Barcelona, has published a comprehensive
work entitled Hypnotismo y Suggestion. Among Italian investigators may be mentioned
Lombroso, Belfiore, Morselli, Tonoli, Ottolenghi, as well as Olinto del Torto,
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